Human Factors and Ergonomic Issues in Autonomous Shipping

Abstract

Autonomous shipping offers benefits such as preventing marine accidents, improving fuel efficiency, and reducing costs. However, it also brings e job loss, task changes, and security issues. Remote operators' situational awareness is a new human factor and ergonomic issue that arises as shore-based control precedes the full operation of autonomous ships. This paper examines the major human factors and ergonomic issues to be considered in autonomous shipping by surveying the current state of the technology and classifying it by field, with a special focus on human factors and ergonomic aspects.