Suppression of Cancer Progression and Metastasis in HT-29 Human Colorectal Adenocarcinomas by Deep Sea Water

Abstract

In this investigation, we studied the effects of deep sea water (DSW) on cancer progression and metastasis in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas. The protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is an important enzyme in cancer progression, invasion and metastasis, was lessened by DSW in the hardness range of 200 ~ 1,500. However,COX-2 transcription was not changed by DSW. TPAinduced expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), an inducer of cancer metastasis, was also suppressed by DSW in a hardness- dependent manner. In contrast, uPA receptor (uPAR) expression was not changed by DSW treatment. The 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- induced mRNA level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which induces cancer proliferation and metastasis,was decreased by treatment with DSW.COX-2), which is an important enzyme in cancer progression, invasion and metastasis, was lessened by DSW in the hardness range of 200 ~ 1,500. However,COX-2 transcription was not changed by DSW. TPAinduced expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), an inducer of cancer metastasis, was also suppressed by DSW in a hardness- dependent manner. In contrast, uPA receptor (uPAR) expression was not changed by DSW treatment. The 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- induced mRNA level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which induces cancer proliferation and metastasis,was decreased by treatment with DSW.