물질이동을 고려한 액포거동 시뮬레이션

Abstract

A direct simulation code for a moving and dissolving droplet by using three-dimensional hybrid unstructured mesh was developed. The multi-phase flow field is discretized by a cell-centered finite volume ALE (Arbitary Lagrangian Eulerian) formulation. Based on the fractional step method, a semi-implicit scheme in time is used. Other numerical aspects of the present method are the Rhie-Chow algorithm (1983)for incompressibility, a third-order compact upwinding for convection term, and a second-order central difference for diffusion term. The mesh consists of the tetrahedron prisms near interface for viscous boundary layer and tetrahedrons in the other part. The interface between the droplet and water moves along spines in the radial direction that satisfies its kinematic condition. The effect of interface tension is taken into account directly in solving the Poisson equation for pressure. This method is applied to the mass transfer from a rising droplet. The non-dimensional parameters to describe this phenomenon are the Schmidt number, the Reynolds number based on rise velocity and the EtvӦs number relating the surface tension to the gravitational acceleration, and the Ohnesorge number relating the surface tension to viscous force. From the simulation results, we found that there are three regimes of the path topology of rising droplet, i.e. rectilinear, helical-zigzag and zigzag motion. These are categorized by the Reynolds and the Ohnesorge numbers. The mechanism of the trajectory morphology is elucidated by uneven pressure distribution on the rear surface of the droplet due to vertex shedding.