국외 생산 수소의 국내 공급 체인에 대한 온실가스 배출 전과정평가

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the hydrogen supply chain from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to South Korea. It focuses on analyzing greenhouse gas emissions from hydrogen production in the UAE to its final use in South Korea, including conditioning, post-processing, and maritime transportation. The functional unit for this research is defined as "1kg of hydrogen produced in the UAE, transported by ship, and then processed for conversion in South Korea." This framework allows for the comparison of emissions across 32 different scenarios, taking into account variables such as energy sources (renewable energy and natural gas), hydrogen production methods (Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and electrolysis), energy carriers (LH2, Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC), Ammonia), types of ship fuel, and hydrogen use forms (CH2, LH2). The findings show that the GWP for the hydrogen supply chain from the UAE to South Korea varies from 10.73 to 30.30 CO2 eq. kg/kg H2. The scenario with the lowest greenhouse gas emissions involves transporting natural gas from the UAE as LNG and supplying it domestically as CH2, at 10.73 CO2 eq. kg/kg H2. On the other hand, the scenario with the highest emissions involves hydrogen produced via SMR in the UAE, converted to Ammonia for transport, and supplied as LH2 in South Korea, at 30.30 CO2 eq. kg/kg H2. This research establishes important benchmarks for evaluating the sustainability of international hydrogen supply chains, aiding in the development of effective strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.